These are the main branches of biology:
- Aerobiology – the study of airborne organic particles
- Agriculture – the study of producing crops and raising livestock, with an emphasis on practical applications
- Anatomy – the study of form and function, in plants, animals, and other organisms, or specifically in humans
- Histology – the study of cells and tissues, a microscopic branch of anatomy
- Astrobiology (also known as exobiology, exopaleontology, and bioastronomy) – the study of evolution, distribution, and future of life in the universe
- Biochemistry – the study of the chemical reactions required for life to exist and function, usually a focus on the cellular level
- Bioengineering – the study of biology through the means of engineering with an emphasis on applied knowledge and especially related to biotechnology
- Biogeography – the study of the distribution of species spatially and temporally
- Bioinformatics – the use of information technology for the study, collection, and storage of genomic and other biological data
- Biomathematics (or Mathematical biology) – the quantitative or mathematical study of biological processes, with an emphasis on modeling
- Biomechanics – often considered a branch of medicine, the study of the mechanics of living beings, with an emphasis on applied use throughprosthetics or orthotics
- Biomedical research – the study of health and disease
- Pharmacology – the study and practical application of preparation, use, and effects of drugs and synthetic medicines
- Biomusicology – the study of music from a biological point of view.
- Biophysics – the study of biological processes through physics, by applying the theories and methods traditionally used in the physical sciences
- Biosemiotics – the study of biological processes through semiotics, by applying the models of meaning-making and communication
- Biotechnology – the study of the manipulation of living matter, including genetic modification and synthetic biology
- Synthetic biology – research integrating biology and engineering; construction of biological functions not found in nature
- Building biology – the study of the indoor living environment
- Botany – the study of plants
- Cell biology – the study of the cell as a complete unit, and the molecular and chemical interactions that occur within a living cell
- Cognitive biology – the study ofcognition as a biological function
- Conservation biology – the study of the preservation, protection, or restoration of the natural environment, natural ecosystems, vegetation, and wildlife
- Cryobiology – the study of the effects of lower than normally preferred temperatures on living beings
- Developmental biology – the study of the processes through which an organism forms, from zygote to full structure
- Embryology – the study of the development of embryo (from fecundation to birth)
- Ecology – the study of the interactions of living organisms with one another and with the non-living elements of their environment
- Environmental biology – the study of the natural world, as a whole or in a particular area, especially as affected by human activity
- Epidemiology – a major component of public health research, studying factors affecting the health of populations
- Evolutionary biology – the study of the origin and descent of species over time
- Genetics – the study of genes and heredity.
- Epigenetics – the study of heritable changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence
- Hematology (also known as Haematology) – the study of blood and blood-forming organs.
- Integrative biology – the study of whole organisms
- Limnology – the study of inland waters
- Marine biology (or Biological oceanography) – the study of ocean ecosystems, plants, animals, and other living beings
- Microbiology – the study of microscopic organisms (microorganisms) and their interactions with other living things
- Molecular biology – the study of biology and biological functions at the molecular level, some cross over with biochemistry
- Nanobiology - the study of hownanotechnology can be used in biology, and the study of living organisms and parts on the nanoscale level of organization
- Neurobiology – the study of the nervous system, including anatomy, physiology and pathology
- Population biology – the study of groups of conspecific organisms, including
- Paleontology – the study of fossils and sometimes geographic evidence of prehistoric life
- Pathobiology or pathology – the study of diseases, and the causes, processes, nature, and development of disease
- Physiology – the study of the functioning of living organisms and the organs and parts of living organisms
- Phytopathology – the study of plant diseases (also called Plant Pathology)
- Psychobiology – the study of the biological bases of psychology
- Quantum biology - the study ofquantum mechanics to biological objects and problems.
- Sociobiology – the study of the biological bases of sociology
- Structural biology – a branch ofmolecular biology, biochemistry, andbiophysics concerned with the molecular structure of biological macromolecules
- Zoology – the study of animals, including classification, physiology, development, and behavior, including:
