BIOTECHNOLOGY:Introduction

Biotechnology

Biotechnology , which is the basic life science that makes the use of an organism to promote and manage the life .

In short, Biotechnology is the one of the science technologies that create and destroy an organism.

For thousands of years, humankind has used biotechnology in agriculture, food production, and medicine.^[2] 

The term is largely believed to have been coined in 1919 by Hungarian engineer Károly Ereky. 

In the late 20th and early 21st century, biotechnology has expanded to include new and diverse sciences such as genomics, recombinant genetechniques, applied immunology, and development of pharmaceuticaltherapies and diagnostic tests.^[2]

The BIOTECH is a combination of BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY.

Biology

"Biological science" redirects here. It is not to be confused with life science.

For other uses, see Biology (disambiguation).

Biology deals with the study of the many living organisms. (top: E. coli bacteria and gazelle) (bottom: Goliath beetle and tree fern)

Biochemistry

Biochemistry, sometimes calledbiological chemistry, is the study ofchemical processes within and relating to living organisms.^[1] By controlling information flow through biochemical signaling and the flow of chemical energy through metabolism, biochemical processes give rise to the complexity of life. Over the last decades of the 20th century, biochemistry has become so successful at explaining living processes that now almost all areas of the life sciences from botany tomedicine to genetics are engaged in biochemical research.^[2] Today, the main focus of pure biochemistry is in understanding how biological molecules give rise to the processes that occur within living cells, which in turn relates greatly to the study and understanding of whole organisms.

Biochemistry is closely related tomolecular biology, the study of the molecular mechanisms by whichgenetic information encoded in DNA is able to result in the processes of life. Depending on the exact definition of the terms used, molecular biology can be thought of as a branch of biochemistry, or biochemistry as a tool with which to investigate and study molecular biology.

Much of biochemistry deals with the structures, functions and interactions of biological macromolecules, such asproteins, nucleic acids, carbohydratesand lipids, which provide the structure of cells and perform many of the functions associated with life. The chemistry of the cell also depends on the reactions of smaller molecules andions. These can be inorganic, for example water and metal ions, ororganic, for example the amino acidswhich are used to synthesize proteins. The mechanisms by which cells harness energy from their environment via chemical reactions are known asmetabolism. The findings of biochemistry are applied primarily in medicine, nutrition, and agriculture. In medicine, biochemists investigate the causes and cures of disease. In nutrition, they study how to maintain health and study the effects of nutritional deficiencies. In agriculture, biochemists investigate soil and fertilizers, and try to discover ways to improve crop cultivation, crop storage and pest control.